Bpo Management System Problem Statement free essay sample

A client needs to explain the questions, over the item which has been purchased by the client before seven days, so the client demands the client service administration (BPO). In the client care the solicitation has been gotten by the specialist and sends reaction to the client. So the client question has been explained by the operator in a base measure of time. Framework Requirements: The client assistance (BPO) must be fit for giving a productive, practical, electronic client centered help environment.The framework must have the option to: Should value an every minute of every day way to deal with client support that offers total fulfillment and client reliability Ability to address as often as possible posed inquiries immediately utilizing the cutting edge client service programming Using the client care arrangements they ought to significantly expand the time and cash while having the option to concentrate on a few different territories of the business The blend of client service administrations and request taking capacities gives a proficient and savvy answer for the deals and client care needs Managing all the more no of client demands one after another. We will compose a custom exposition test on Bpo Management System Problem Statement or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Utilized Vehicle Information Package Under Ontario law, private dealers of most engine vehicles must give purchasers a Used Vehicle Information Package (UVIP). Vehicle enrollment history in Ontario Vehicle lien data (I. e. regardless of whether there were any exceptional obligations on the vehicle in Ontario up until two business days before the dealer purchased the UVIP) Retail deals assessment and structures for a sworn statement Bill of offer Future Capabilities: Your clients acknowledge great 247 web self-administration. Yet, some of the time they need that additional piece of help. Make it simple for them.Chat is a certain fire approach to improve first contact goals rates and drive consumer loyalty. Talk is likewise an incredible method to drive income through strategically pitching, up-selling, and giving direction to online buys. Constant Chat Proactive Chat Information Access in Queue Automatic Reconnection Chat Wait time Feedback for Chat Real-Time Chat RightNow Chat upgrades the online experience by giving ongoing, text-based correspondence between the specialist and client, just as operator to specialist. Clients can talk from PCs just as Smartphones and other web-empowered devices.Proactive Chat solicitations can be proactively started dependent on worked in rules, for example, time span a client has spent on a website page, visit specialist accessibility, and evaluated hold up time. Or on the other hand you can make custom principles dependent on explicit conditions, for example, number of things in a shopping basket, tapping on a high worth item, or a rriving on an accomplice/wholesaler page. Data Access in Queue RightNow Chat can use the information base, permitting clients to look for answers while hanging tight for a specialist. Operators can use the information base to look for answers and push those responses to the client.

Implementation of Supply Chain Management Essay Example for Free

Execution of Supply Chain Management Essay Gracefully chain the board is an oversight of procedures while moving merchandise from the phase of client request to the crude material stage and it incorporates the flexibly, creation and conveyance of items to the client. Each association has flexibly chain of various levels, contingent on their size and sort of item they are fabricating. Their point is to furnish the client with enough data important to give the worth that they request and to pick up the data in regards to the client as well. A definitive objective for any flexibly bind the board is to diminish its stock. For a fruitful gracefully chain, programming frameworks are given web interfaces to give the client enough data they request. Hershey Foods Corporation and NIKE inc. are both eminent associations, one known for its food items and the other for athletic footwear, hardware and frill for sports and wellness exercises. Both of these associations embraced gracefully chain the board frameworks so as to drop down their inventories and to build their benefit. In any case, them two flopped in accomplishing their target which was to lessen the inventories. The fundamental slip-up made by Hershey Food Corporation was, that they employed a gracefully chain framework costing $112 million from SAP AG, Manugistics, and Siebel frameworks. The flexibly bind framework should place in information of everything from creation to conveyance. In any case, getting programming from three distinct suppliers made unpredicted postponements and complex issues in usage. Likewise, another mix-up made by the association was that they actualized the entire framework without a moment's delay rather than in stages. So subsequently they confronted issues in putting in the requests and afterward executing them to distribution center for satisfaction. The issue looked by NIKE, inc. was more mind boggling, as said by 12 innovations advertising Chief Katrina Roche â€Å"NIKE issues were not attached to the product but rather to the manner in which the product was introduced. † (Sridharan, Caines, Patterson, 2005) Moreover he says that his organization acknowledges the obligation regarding â€Å"not being progressively forceful in revealing to them that they expected to follow our usage strategy. † (Sridharan, Caines, Patterson, 2005) 12 innovations needed to follow every single little result of NIKE which made the activity progressively mind boggling and in this manner it required some investment more than they had anticipated. The NIKE individuals committed a similar error as Hershey nourishments, that they actualized the framework before they were prepared to execute it. (Sridharan, Caines, Patterson, 2005) So in general at introductory stage gracefully chain frameworks were a terrible encounter for Hershey Foods and NIKE, Inc. There are sure things which in the event that the organization would have followed, at that point ideally the things more likely than not been the other path round. Most importantly just one flexibly chain framework supplier must be employed for the product, as more than one gracefully chain frameworks for same occupation brings about disappointment. At that point provider’s usage strategy is significant for customer to follow in gracefully chain frameworks particularly when they are changed to suit client’s prerequisite. Progressively over gracefully chain frameworks are extremely perplexing as they need to follow over quantities of item assortments so in this way it must be actualized in stages instead of executing it without a moment's delay. What's more, in the event that the organization is changing starting with one framework then onto the next, at that point first the framework ought to be tried so as to check whether it is satisfying the company’s necessities or not. ?

Chinese is similar in many ways to the politeness and respect language Essay

Chinese is comparable from numerous points of view to the courteousness and regard language styles of Japanese - Essay Example This behavior charms the everyday exercises and adds brilliance to discussion. One infers joy to manage such individuals. To place it in reasonable terms, what does it cost to be benevolent and considerate conversationalist? State a couple of good words in energy about the person with whom one is managing?- that’s what the Chinese and Japanese appear o accept. Chinese is comparable from numerous points of view to the respectfulness and regard language styles of Japanese. Since language has direct bearing on then social mien of both these individuals, a movement based correlation should be made to legitimize this statement. Getting Chinese and Japanese language implies understanding their societies and manners. We find amazing similitudes among these individuals. Their style of working is indistinguishable in numerous territories and exercises. To refer to a model, the Japanese don’t pour one’s own beverage, if the glass is vacant; as a rule the host will pour it. The Chinese likewise never pour one’s own beverage first. For the most part a toast is made for companionship, or business. While pouring beverage for everybody, it is ensured, nobody is forgotten about. To overlook somebody is viewed as terrible habits. In any event, when the glass is full, pour a couple of drops in, or give the cup an affectionate gaze, before moving to the following visitor. The Chinese supper comprises of numerous courses; simply test everything in the plate. On the off chance that one discharges the plate, the host watches it and he will get more food. Don’t eat the last piece; leave something. According to the Japanese conventions as well, a vacant plate implies that one wishes to have more food. At the point when gotten done with eating, leave some food on the plate. Chopsticks have an exceptional significance for the Chinese just as the Japanese. They are holy. The Chinese don’t take the chopstick and use them like forks by sticking into the food. Chopsticks are utilized to get the food. In the picking procedure, in the event that you drop a piece, no endeavor is made to get another piece. Continue attempting to pick

30 Sports Idioms

30 Sports Idioms 30 Sports Idioms 30 Sports Idioms By Mark Nichol This post records and characterizes terms got from at least two unmistakable games that by expansion fill in as figures of speech in different domains of try outside sports. (The first significance is given in enclosures.) 1. pro: achieve something effortlessly (slang term for when a rival player or group neglects to restore a serve) 2. seat: shield somebody from taking an interest; as a thing, an allegorical reference to the individuals from a gathering all in all or to the profundity of ability of the gathering individuals aggregately (seating for players not contending) 3. B team player: an individual with an insignificant job (slang term for a player who burns through most or the entirety of a game sitting in the group seat as opposed to taking part in rivalry) 4. dirty move: a destructive or uncalled for basic remark (an unlawful hit during a physical game) 5. fail: come up short or commit an error (lose control of a ball and hence surrender ownership of it for the rival group) 6. distinct advantage: something that fundamentally and out of nowhere changes a circumstance (a play during a game that unexpectedly adjusts the conceivable result) 7. blueprint: methodology (the methodology competitors practice to accomplish triumph in an opposition) 8â€9. get/keep the ball moving: start a movement or venture, or keep up progress on an action or task, individually (putting and keeping a ball moving with the goal that guideline play proceeds) 10. objective line: an accomplishment or benchmark thought about a triumph (the line on a playing field across which a ball must cross with the end goal for focuses to be scored) 11. cap stunt: a smart or deft move (a progression of three continuous accomplishments in a game or season, in light of a custom in which a cricket player was granted a cap for such an achievement) 12. superstar: an obviously fruitful or capable individual, or one who trusts oneself to be particularly effective or gifted; frequently utilized wryly or harshly (a player abnormally fruitful in making shots, or objectives) 13. level playing field: a fair course of action (a level surface on which an opposition is held with the goal that an incline doesn't support one group) 14. since a long time ago shot: an exertion, or someone or something, with minimal possibility of accomplishment (an endeavor to score an objective from a far separation) 15. losing streak: a record of a progression of disappointments (a grouping of progressive annihilations by a competitor or group) 16. cause the cut: to qualify (having one’s name stay on a list from which the names of other planned colleagues have been expelled or struck out, meaning maintenance of the person who has made the cut and exclusion of the others) 17. ready: alert, fruitful (staying near, or picking up ownership of, a ball in an opposition so as to accomplish triumph) 18. uninvolved: having a roundabout or immaterial job (the region close to the limit of the playing zone where colleagues not taking part in an opposition watch game play) 19. too far out: not adequate or proper (outside the field of play, where a ball may not be conveyed or moved to score a point or objective until it is come back to an endorsed place on the field and play authoritatively continues) 20. ref: a middle person or mediator (an authority answerable for managing an opposition and checking that rules are being watched) 21. ringer: an individual with a striking similarity to someone else, or an unapproved substitute (a contender not approved to play) 22. score: accomplish or acquire something wanted, or record results or results; as a thing, the status of a circumstance, or appropriate data (the count continued during an opposition) 23. sideline: as a thing, an extra interest or product offering; as an action word, keep or expel from support; in plural structure, the condition of watching as opposed to taking part (the line denoting the limit of the playing field) 24. remain on top of things: envision changes in a progression of occasions or occurrences (foreseeing how an opposition will play out and utilizing that information to influence the result) 25. favor one side: bolster one group or position at the degree of the other (shaping the recommended course of action of colleagues before an opposition starts) 26. cooperative person: somebody who coexists well with others or is faithful to a reason (a competitor whose presentation underpins a team’s achievement) 17. phase of the game: a point during a progression of activities or occasions prompting a result (the thought of a specific interim or second during an opposition) 28. break: a respite or break to evaluate a circumstance or give time to reflection, or expulsion of a youngster from an action as a type of discipline (one of an endorsed number of breaks in rivalry each group is permitted to take to briefly end game play to talk about technique) 29. series of wins: a progression of triumphs (an arrangement of progressive triumphs by a competitor or group) 30. exercise: an activity schedule, or any arduous exertion (a progression of exercises or activities a competitor experiences to improve physical molding) Need to improve your English shortly a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Vocabulary classification, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†45 Synonyms for â€Å"Old† and â€Å"Old-Fashioned†13 Theatrical Terms in Popular Usage

Cultural Heritage Tourism

The travel industry is one of the important monetary exercises on the planet and ‘Cultural Tourism’ is a quickly growing piece of this industry. As per the OEA â€Å"Culture contributes significantly to the nations economies†, subsequently numerous economies in various nations have been utilizing this as a component to expand their economies. Inside the general the travel industry, numerous nations are seeing the advantages of utilizing â€Å"Cultural Tourism† as a key territory of attraction.They accomplish this by creating verifiable destinations and exercises that have shaped piece of their legacy. This can incorporate structures, networks, individuals, and outstanding conventions. The advancement of Cultural the travel industry is a method for holding the monetary attributes of the legacy destinations. It is additionally observed as a significant factor for the improvement of the national and provincial economies by creating social advancement in the en tirety of its perspectives (ICOMOS twelfth General Assembly, 1999).As well as being utilized to as an instrument to create local economies by pulling in travelers to legacy destinations and the encompassing zones, Cultural Tourism is structures a significant piece of a nations national the travel industry economy. Its point is to draw in those vacationers who have a profound internal need to become more acquainted with new places with history, by empowering them to feel some portion of the spot they are visiting. The social legacy visitor needs to interface oneself with history and experience how the world created in the specific territory they are visiting (Cultural legacy the travel industry Guide, 2000).Since social legacy the travel industry grabbed the attention of the financial experts 10 years back, there have been numerous monetary examinations created to quantify the effect that this movement has in the areas where the legacy the travel industry is polished (Toselli, C. , 2 006). Some portion of the explanation behind this is on the grounds that the traveler who is occupied with noteworthy and social visitor exercises invests more energy and cash in the territory visited, participating in a greater number of exercises than different sorts of vacationer would (Travel Industry Association of America reference by Hargrove, M. , 2002), making this sort of the travel industry a beneficial action for the locales, networks and chronicled places.As a consequence of these investigations it very well may be accept that with a more noteworthy centralization of social legacy the travel industry there would be the advantage of an augmentation of productivity for the social and the travel industry making work in the legacy networks, urban areas and nations. Inside this investigation I will focus my work on the â€Å"International American Renaissance and Baroque Music Festival â€Å"Misiones de Chiquitos. † This is a prime case of different social exercises in territories that are rich in culture.The area of this celebration is in the Jesuit Mission district in the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. This locale has 6 towns in which the six world’s celebrated Jesuit houses of worship were fabricated and which were assigned World legacy destinations by the UNESCO in 1990 (UNESCO, 2006). The celebration was established in 1996 and it is commended each other year in the towns of the Jesuit area (APAC , 2005). The celebration is interesting in the area due to the ornate American music that they offer to the visitor. This is a piece of a novel choice of unique melodic partitures from decades back (see Appendix figure 1).The scene for the performing of the music shows are the 6 authentic holy places which were worked somewhere in the range of 1669 and 1760 which despite everything keep up the wonder from an earlier time (La Gran Chiquitania, 2006). Point The point of this exploration is to survey and dissect the future showcasin g technique, which APAC is producing for the International American Renaissance and Baroque Music Festival â€Å"Misiones de Chiquitos† so as to advance the celebration universally. Specifically, the expectation is to survey how this identifies with the manner by which the achievement in promoting of past celebrations has been seen by the hoteliers and Tour operators.The reason for this is to distinguish regions of worry to be tended to and to suggest manners by which the current advertising technique can be advanced so as to build the monetary development of the celebration and the legacy locales. Destinations †¢ Identify the sort of visitor social legacy celebrations pull in and dissect their desires. †¢ Identify and investigate the calculated work that the celebration has and how it could be improved. †¢ Review the coordinations of the Tour Operators and hoteliers; their capacity to cook for visitor desires, tending to ways those setbacks can be killed or re duced.†¢ Determine the showcasing procedure that the celebration should use to pull in vacationer by distinguishing traveler request division of it. Writing Review With an expanding number of nations and locales looking to exploit their legacy as a method for drawing in development in the travel industry and the financial advantage this brings, it is significant for the administrators of chronicled destinations and celebrations to have a total comprehension of the purchaser, the item they are offering and the manners in which that item ought to be showcased. The buyer in this example isn't a normal holidaymaker.There is a particular verifiable reason to both the plan and motivation behind their vacation. This has been best portrayed by Robert Stebbins (1996), when he saw that â€Å"Cultural the travel industry is a kind of extraordinary intrigue the travel industry dependent on the quest for and interest in new and profound social encounters, regardless of whether stylish, sch olarly, enthusiastic, or psychological†(Robert Stebbins 1996). Today an expanding number of vacationers are moving ceaselessly from the idea of pre-bundled sun and relaxation breaks. It is evaluated that around 20% or vacationers currently put expressions of the human experience, culture and history among their main five reasons from traveling.In America alone, social the travel industry rose by 13% somewhere in the range of 1996 and 2003, (TIA 2003). As Garrion Keillor (1995) remarked, â€Å"They desire our way of life: high culture, low culture, center culture, right, left, genuine or envisioned †they come here to see America. † because of this expansion sought after, somewhat powered by the coming of Internet get to and the increment in openness to worldwide travel achieved by decreases in movement costs, an ever increasing number of nations are changing over their recorded destinations and celebrations into visitor centers.With more rivalry comes the requiremen t for successful promoting. As far as the movement business this is characterized as â€Å"The procedure of distinguishing and arriving at explicit sections of a populace for the motivations behind selling them an item or administration. † (Home Travel Agency 2006) There has been various investigations in regards to the showcasing of Cultural Heritage as a rule and of more importance to this paper, the promoting of authentic performances and their goals in particular.The advertising of Cultural Heritage destinations is a subject that must be managed in a touchy way, the same number of authors have recognized. Rowan Yorke and Uzi Baram (2004) have aggregated various examinations identifying with well known social destinations around the world, which manage the interrelationship that exists between the business and political part of verifiable locales, including adjusting the significance of archaic exploration against benefit. In any case, cautious showcasing can, if appropria tely built and modified, effectively advance the site.It is fundamentally significant when planning an advertising project to propel the characteristics and attractions of the site such that will carry it to the bleeding edge of the voyagers mind, making it more applicable and striking to them than locales of a comparative sort. To accomplish this, one must utilize the specific characteristics of its authentic incentive to focus on the proper market. This is especially applicable regarding the celebration subject being concentrated inside this paper. Most analysts feel that Festivals take on an exceptional significance.In her book regarding the matter of social goal, Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara (1998) says, â€Å"Festivals are social exhibitions second to none. Their limits perceptible in time and space† There are various melodic and different celebrations being held all through the world, from the verifiable to the present day; from famous to exemplary; from period to str ict based. With such force of rivalry, the significance of advertising celebrations broadly and globally becomes paramount.In the instance of the â€Å"International American Renaissance and Baroque Music Festival â€Å"Misiones de Chiquitos. † Marketing would should know about two levels, showcasing of the goal and promoting of the celebration itself. Nigel Morgan et al (2001) recommend that goal marking enables advertisers to address one of the most significant part of the extraordinary occasion, specifically how fitting is simply the goal. As we have seen celebrations that are effectively depicted which means managing the political, social and social side effectively can bring monetary benefits.To effectively showcase a melodic celebration one needs to initially assess what class the music fits into together with its chronicled and topographical position, at that point look to the intended interest group, so as to give a composed structure to the advertising program. (Joh nny Allen (2001) because of this audit it tends to be seen that we have to take a gander at the kind of social vacationer, their melodic tastes together with the authentic and strict foundation, musically and goal based, of the celebration itself. References Allen, Johnny (2005) Festival and Special Event Management. John Wiley and Sons Douglas, Norman (2001). Extraordinary Interest Tourism.John Wiley and Sons (Australia) Ltd. Factsheet. (2005) Welcome to APAC Festivals. Recovered 14 July 2006 from http://www. festivalesapac. com/site/file. php? module=ContentExpress&file=index&func=display&ceid=27&newlang=eng Fleming, Ronald Lee. (1989). In the event that dividers could t

Is it necessary for a Country to be governed by a Constitution - Free Essay Example

Is it necessary for a Country to be governed by a Constitution? Discuss Table of Contents 1Introduction 1.1Objectives 2Written and Unwritten Constitutions 2.1Kenyaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Perspective 2.2Criticisms of a Written Constitution 2.3UKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Outlook on the Unwritten Constitution 3Conclusion 4Bibliography 4.1Primary Sources 4.2Secondary Sources 5Appendix 5.1Images of the Code of Hammurabi 5.2Preamble of Kenyaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Constitution, 2010 5.3Research Techniques 1 Introduction Blackà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Law dictionary defines the constitution as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the fundamental and organic law of a nation or state that establishes the institutions and apparatus of government, defines the scope of governmental sovereign powers, and guarantees individual civil rights and civil liberties.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [1] Constitutions are classified as written or unwritten, flexible or rigid. Although ancient laws have always been there, the oldest known constitution which best exemplify the modern constitution is the Code of Hammurabi which was first discovered in 1902 but dates back as far as 1758 BC. The stone monument has the penal laws, the law of persons, family law and price lists engraved on it. [2]See Appendix 5.1 on the images of the Code of Hammurabi. The Lancaster House Conferences which were around 1953 to 1979 initiated by the British Empire in preparation for its colonies towards Independence drafted Kenyaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s first constitution. Kenyaà ¢Ã¢â €š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Political Parties and the British Parliament drafted Kenyaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s first Independent Constitution in 1963. In the 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s international pressure for good governance, institutional reforms, economic decay and social breakdown ushered the formation of the Constitution of Kenya Review Act (2002) to spearhead constitutional reforms. In the end, a referendum was done to adopt the current Constitution on the 4th August 2010.[3] 1.1 Objectives In this research we seek to find out: The difference between written and unwritten constitutions. The significance of a constitution to a countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s development. 2 Written and Unwritten Constitutions Constitutions in general provide a normative framework for governance and they take written or unwritten forms. The constitutional principle is entrenched in three sources: usages and customs of the people; values attributed to relevant textual constitutional sources and principles of international law ratified by the state.[4] A constitution is important in the governance and development of a state as it identifies with the ideals and practices of the people, protects their interests and safeguards their rights. In this section we will look at the different perspectives of a written constitution in Kenya and UKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s unwritten constitution. 2.1 Kenyaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Perspective As the future legal minds in Kenya, we have the responsibility of interpreting the law to the masses. To answer questions on why the rights of the poor are still infringed despite the constitutionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s note on equality and why educational resources, infrastructure and other social amenities are different in urbanised areas compared to rural areas? Article 10 of Kenyaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Constitution on National Values and Principles of Governance which inter alia talks of sustainable development, good governance and protection of the marginalised does not reflect such practices in real life.[5] Despite the setbacks of the current constitution, Kenya still needs a written constitution. The Preamble of Kenyaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s 2010 Constitution outline the objectives of the Constitution as compared to the old constitution which had no preamble. In the Preamble, the constitution identifies with aspects of freedom and justice, ethnic, cultural and religious diversity , equality, democracy and rule of law as the principle factors enshrined in the Supreme Law. The preamble serves as a guideline to the principles that govern the republic. See Appendix 5.2 for the preamble. The Constitution divides powers of different state organs using the doctrine of separation of powers. Chapters Eight, Nine and Ten of the Constitution state the principles, processes, roles and functions of the Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary respectively. The doctrine ensures balance, accountability and no state official misuses the power conferred to him or her. The diversity of the Constitution recognizes and supports laws made by other state organs and general international laws as part of the Laws of Kenya. Article Two of the Constitution allows International laws, treaties and conventions ratified by Kenya to form part of the Laws of Kenya. Chapter Eight describes the establishment and role of Parliament, Senate and Nation Assembly as law making and law conferri ng bodies. [6] Ethnic communities like the Maasai, Turkana and Samburu in isolated geographical areas experience only marginal participation in the social and economic life of Kenya. The Constitution builds development through recognising and protecting marginalised groups and compensates for previous losses of under development in these areas by affirmative action programs like special education programs, access to employment opportunities, programs to develop cultural values and better social amenities.[7] On the same note, it protects the diversity of different cultures and ethnicities in Kenya by promoting different cultural and linguistic practices of the people of Kenya as seen in Article 44.[8] The Bill of Rights ensures fundamental rights of all the people and not just the citizens of the country. It provides resourceful information on the liberties and rights of each and every individual in Kenya including inalienable rights of human dignity and right not to be hel d in slavery or forced labour.[9] Dual citizenship in Article Sixteen ensures the security and development of the people and the country through investment, economic and social growth. For example the Maasai who are divided between the borders of Kenya and Tanzania can benefit from this new law and it paves way to better opportunities for the communities living across the borders. 2.2 Criticisms of a Written Constitution Despite the numerous advantages, written constitutions also have disadvantages. One of them is that they are rigid and inflexible. Chapter Sixteen on the amendment of the constitution outline the directives for amendment. The procedure in the amendment of laws is complex and requires a referendum as in Article 255, a parliamentary initiative in Article 256 or a popular initiative in Article 257. This shows how slow and cumbersome the process of law change is in a written constitution. On the same note, the constitution is a document which makes provision for general laws and most of the times will contain loopholes which have to be corrected or improved on in certain areas. In Article 140 on the Questions as to the validity of Presidential Elections, the constitution does not have a procedure on how to resolve any possible controversy that may occur if there is no clear simple majority winner in the Presidential Election.[10] A written constitution more often than not, is imp ractical. On gender equality in Article 27 (8) of the constitution where two-thirds of the elected members shall be of the same gender, the controversy that comes into play is that it is difficult to design a formula that ensures that the National Assembly follows the two-thirds gender rule.Article 97 restricts the membership of the National Assembly to 290 members whereas Article 81 states that not more than two-thirds of the members of elective public bodies should be of the same gender. [11] 2.3 UKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Outlook on the Unwritten Constitution An unwritten constitution is based on the norms and customs, values, culture, ideals, historical practices and legal systems that a nation identifies with.[12] In the UK, the constitution is a set of historical documents, statutes, decrees, conventions, ancient customs and royal prerogatives which include the Magna Carta (1215), the Bill of Rights (1689), and the European Communities Act (1972). [13] Parliamentary sovereignty is commonly regarded as the defining principle of the British Constitution.[14]Other countries with unwritten constitution apart from the UK are Israel and New Zealand. New Zealandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s constitution is a reflection of the Constitution Act 1986 that describes its system of government and the Treaty of Waitangi, the founding document of New Zealandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Government.[15] In unwritten law, the ability of the Common Law to be retroactive in decision making to new situations is outlined as one of its principle strengths. Unwritten laws are not the subjective views of judges but they are determined by legal reasoning. The conventions, rules and norms of the society are under the courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s jurisdiction to apply.[16] Another point in Britainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s favour for unwritten laws is that the written laws are in broad general terms that are meant to be applicable in a wide variety of situations that by and large do not encompass all the factors or anticipate future occurrences.[17] It is also described as a fair system which is the principle ancient customs of the people as it fits into their nature and disposition by helping in perfection of the Acts of Parliament as their principle constitutional and sovereign law.[18] However, there are downsides to the unwritten constitution as well. The critics claim that the law must be known before its application and unwritten constitutional norms dishonour this principle. For example the Magna Carta is seen as the first foundational text designed to provide written guarantees of fundamental principles which the Common Law utilised and supplemented these principles by case law.[19] It is also viewed as undemocratic because judges are not elected by the public and as members of the elite; their decisions are highly in favour of the rich and undermine the rights of the minority and vulnerable groups. On the same note, Judges being the ones who derive content to unwritten laws are mostly accused of usurping the functions of Parliament as the body responsible for law making. [20] In unwritten constitutions it is difficult to know what the Stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s constitution really is and it is quicker in making changes to the unwritten constitutions than the written constitutions. This is because written constitutions are considered as a supreme law against which legislature can be examined and amended by elaborate procedures.[21] 3 Conclusion To sum up, in all aspects a constitution whether written or unwritten is the fundamental principle in the governance of a country towards its development and growth. It defines the state objectives and laws. We have seen the different types of the constitutions and their advantages or disadvantages. In our perspective, the type of constitution used by a country largely depends on social and economic factors as well as the level of development of the people. We feel that for Kenya, the current constitution reflects the need for the people, fosters better development and economic growth and opportunities for Kenyans. On the negative aspects cited, perhaps the antidote is for experts in constitutional law to keep revising and perfecting the laws to make them more adaptable to social change and development. 4 Bibliography 4.1 Primary Sources The Constitution of Kenya The Judicature Act Cap. 8 Laws of Kenya 4.2 Secondary Sources à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Kenyas New Constitution Benefits Indigenous Peoplesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Cultural Survival, 10 August 2010) lt;https://www.culturalsurvival.org/news/kenya/kenyas-new-constitution-benefits-indigenous-peoplesgt; accessed 10 March 2014 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"What is the UK Constitution?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢lt;https://www.ucl.ac.uk/constitution-unit/whatis/uk-constitutiongt;accessed 5 March 2014 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"New Zealandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Constitutionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢lt;https://gg.govt.nz/role/constofnz.htmgt; accessed 5 March 2014 Kenya Country Constitutional Profileà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Constitution Net lt;https://www.constitutionnet.org/country/kenya-country-constitutional-profilegt; accessed 7 March 2014 Blackà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Law Dictionary (9th edn, West 2009). Kadida J, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Kenya: Attorney General Rushes to Seal Election Law Loopholeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (The Star, 10 October 2012) lt;https://allafrica.com/stories/201210110139.htmlgt; accessed 10 Ma rch 2014 McLachlin B, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Unwritten Constitutional Principles: What is going on?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2006) 4 NZJPIL 147 Sihanya B, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Constitutional implementation in Kenya, 2010-2015: Challenges and prospectsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) Revised 5 December 2012) lt;https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/kenia/09857.pdfgt; accessed 10 March 2014 The Editors of EncyclopÃÆ' ¦dia Britannica, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"cuneiform lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, EncyclopÃÆ' ¦dia Britannica Online.(2014)lt;https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/146555/cuneiform-law#ref718884gt; accessed 5 March 2014 Walters M, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Written Constitutions and Unwritten Constitutionalismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in Grant Huscroft (ed), Expounding the Constitution; Essays in Constitutional Theory (Cambridge University Press 2014) 5 Appendix 5.1 Images of the Code of Hammurabi Figure 1 The Code of Hammurabi.It shows the king before the god Shamash, displayed in the Louvre, Paris. Source: Encyclopedia Britannica Figure 2 Inscriptions of the Hammurabi Code in 1758 BC in the Akkadian Language. Source: Encyclopedia Britannica 5.2 Preamble of Kenyaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Constitution, 2010 Figure 1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" The Preamble of the Constitution of Kenya 2010 outlines the objectives of the constitution. The 1963 Constitution has no Preamble. 5.3 Research Techniques Meeting 1: Brainstorming on what is a constitution, different approaches to the question, objectives of the Question, draw an outline for the topic and Summary of Points. Meeting 2: General Research. Each member had to do a general research on the constitution and how it governs a country. Identifying secondary sources in internet search engines and Newspapers on the constitution, identifying examples for comparative analysis. A comparative analysis was done between Kenyaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s written constitution and UKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s unwritten constitution. Developing a hypothesis and formulating an argument by answering the objectives of the question. Duty List: Sub division of duties and activities to be done according to individual strengths. Daniel: Introduction, Definition, History, Examples. Word count 250 Rachel and Joan: Advantages, Examples. Word Count 1000 Emmanuel: Disadvantages Examples. Word Count 500 Marcus: Conclusion, Bibliography, Examples. Word count 200 Swabra: Examples, overall content, Research Techniques, Editing, proof reading and final copy of the essay. Meeting 3: Submission of drafts by each member. Verifying validity and reliability of sources and correctness of information: all sources verified for authenticity, currency and authority. References: Checking for consistency with OSCOLA 4th edition. Meeting 4: Critique, Review, Re-editing and Mock Presentation. [1]constitution, Blackà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Law Dictionary (9th edn, West 2009). [2]The Editors of EncyclopÃÆ' ¦dia Britannica, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"cuneiform lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, EncyclopÃÆ' ¦dia Britannica Online. (2014) lt;https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/146555/cuneiform-law#ref718884gt; accessed 5March 2014 [3]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Kenya Country Constitutional Profileà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, ConstitutionNetlt;https://www.constitutionnet.org/country/kenya-country-constitutional-profilegt; accessed 7 March 2014 [4]Beverley McLachlin, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Unwritten Constitutional Principles: What is going on?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2006) 4 NZJPIL 147 [5] Constitution of Kenya, A.10(2) (a) to (d) [6] Constitution of Kenya, A.2 (5) (6) [7] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Kenyas New Constitution Benefits Indigenous Peoplesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Cultural Survival, 10 August 2010) lt;https://www.culturalsurvival.org/news/kenya/kenyas-new-constitution-benefits-indigenous-peoplesgt; accessed 1 0 March 2014 [8] Constitution of Kenya, A.44 (1) (3) [9] Constitution of Kenya, Cap.4 [10]Jillo Kadida, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Kenya: Attorney General Rushes to Seal Election Law Loopholeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (The Star, 10 October 2012) lt;https://allafrica.com/stories/201210110139.htmlgt; accessed 10 March 2014 [11]Ben Sihanya, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Constitutional implementation in Kenya, 2010-2015: Challenges and prospectsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) Revised 5/12/2012) lt;https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/kenia/09857.pdfgt; accessed 10 March 2014 [12]McLachlin (n 4) [13]unwritten constitution, Blackà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Law Dictionary (9th edn, West 2009). [14]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"What is the UK Constitution?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢lt;https://www.ucl.ac.uk/constitution-unit/whatis/uk-constitutiongt; accessed 5 March 2014 [15] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"New Zealandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Constitutionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢lt;https://gg.govt.nz/role/constofnz.htmgt; accessed 5March 2014 [16] McLachlin (n 4) [17]ibid [18]Mark Walters, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Written Constitutions and Unwritten Constitutionalismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in Grant Huscroft (ed), Expounding the Constitution; Essays in Constitutional Theory (Cambridge University Press 2014) ch 10, 245 276 [19] McLachlin (n 12) [20] ibid [21]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"What is the UK Constitution?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢lt;https://www.ucl.ac.uk/constitution-unit/whatis/uk-constitutiongt; accessed 5 March 2014

The Pimp Sexism Sells - Free Essay Example

How Hip-hop communicates the lived experience of people living in Urban America Hip Hop and Pimpin After a careful analysis of the selection of readings provided for this assignment, I decided Chapter 8 of Tricia Roses The Hip Hop Wars was a perfect example to utilize in order to portray how hip hop, particularly Gangsta rap; communicates the lived experience of people living in Urban America. Titled There Are Bitches and Hoes Rose begins explaining commercial hip hop by alluding to one of its signature icons: the pimp. Namely, an important facet of urban street cultures and illicit economies, and once relegate to folklore, underground vernacular culture, and the margins of mainstream society, pimps have become popularized and mainstreamed. (Rose, p.167) Rose goes on to emphasize the influence of black pimp culture on hip hop by providing examples of rappers who regularly perpetuate pimp culture in their music. Furthermore, Rose situates Many rappers began drawing from pimp culture, style, sland and attitude as part of their identities. Moreover, pimp culture in hip hop has proven to be a part of beyond just the music, it has been commercialized in such a way that rappers can sell pimp based products (Rose, p. 168). For instance, Rose refers to Nellys energy drink; Pimp Juice, as well as one of my personal favorite MTV shows growing up: Xzibits Pimp My Ride. Originating from the 1980s hip hop structure that set the stage for the dehumanization and sexist ideals behind the infamous pimp-playa-bitch-ho sequence, it is no surprise that pimping is embedded in hip hop and needs it in order to maintain its relevance in mainstream culture. Its Pimpin! In an attempt to prompt some sympathy for pimps, there are cuddly, fuzzy-hat image of pimps in some mainstream outlets and celebrated films (Rose, p. 168) Again, this includes one of my personal favorite movie franchises of all time, Friday, in which there are pimps present in all three movies, respectively. Moreover, Friday After Next Money Mike is a pimp strategically portrayed in such a way that can compel viewers to perhaps sympathize and/or advocate pimps and their ideologies; with Mikes colorful clothing and eccentric hyperbolic mannerisms for instance. This misleading portrayal wholly ignores the legitimate exploitation of Black women by pimps and instead of acknowledging how problematic pimp culture is at its entirety as current self aware consumers; we still continue to disregard and/or normalize the evident glorification of the exploitation of Black women. Furthermore, Rose highlights these conceptions by referencing the infamous Snoop Dogg lyric Bitches aint shit but hoes and tricks, which accurately epitomizes the attitude male rappers have towards women. Case in point, Women are bitches, and bitches are whores and prostitutes (Rose, p. 168) Additionally, a lot of modern day music that belongs to and/or stems from the Hip Hop genre unfortunately sustains this ideology and remains just as problematic and attests to the Pimpin mentality that started so long ago. For instance, in G-Eazys But A Dream (released in 2017) G Eazy references Big Pimpin. Once more, this further affirms the notion that without ?Pimpin, hip hop cannot be sustained. Reevaluating Hip Hop Myself Ive always known gangsta rap to be vulgar and demeaning which is ironically what made me gravitate towards it when I first started listening to hip hop. One would assume my peers and I wouldnt be interested in something that debases us at the capacity that it does. However, I can honestly say there was nothing more exhilarating than listening to a record that I surely was not supposed to be listening to at 13 years old. I wasnt even sure what the word pimp meant, as I shouldnt have. But 50 Cents P.I.M.P was definitely my ring tone at some point. Essentially all I knew and cared about was the song sounding good. Likewise, whether it was Jay Zs Big Pimpin with lyrics like You know Ithug em, f*ck em, love em, leave em Cause I dont f*ckin need em Take em out the hood, keep em lookin good But I dont f*ckin feed em Or Mac Dre ?Feelin Myself I didnt really pay attention to the underlying messages the lyricism contains. As I previously had mentioned, many of the products pimp hip hop resulted in were things I favored myself, a young woman of color. In spite of the fact that over the years Ive grown enough to completely be able to comprehend the meaning and detrimental impact behind songs like Suga Frees Bitches Aint Shit or Id Rather Give You My Bitch. However, I have yet to stop listening to this music. Whether I want to reminisce by jamming to some Pimp C, (est. 1987) or just listen to some newer problematic songs by Playboi Carti (est. 2009). Nevertheless, I always find a way to justify my actions which Rose also tackles in the reading. Likewise, Many women and girls say that since they are not bitches and hoes, these rappers are not talking about me because I dont behave that way Rose asserts. Nonetheless, I have definitely justified listening to hip hop because I had truly believed that those words really did not apply to me, however Rose describes this type of response as a kind of distorted self-defensea valiant but tragic effort to pretend that such labeling is not hurtful to all women no matter how one acts. (Rose, 177) and I agree, I compartmentalize. I love empowering music by Hip Hop artists and groups such as Black Star and/or Lauryn Hill. Nonetheless, there is a vast swath of music that I also find myself constantly fond of. I maintain this love for pimp hip hop by actively disengaging with its lyrics and their ramifications on my community. I dont skip the E40 song if it comes on shuffle. Ill casually do my ho mework while listening to Project Pats Gorilla Pimp. I dance to Hypnotize Camp Posse as Im getting ready to attend a party that is most probably going to play Juvenile once or twice. And while all of this is rather embarrassing and cringe-worthy to admit, I know Im not alone. I believe it is a rarity to find music or movies or art that thoroughly and accurately embodies our beliefs, values, and aesthetic preferences respectively, so fans like myself are forced to set aside their principles, in order to feel as if they can enjoy pop culture fleetingly. With that, in spite of pimp hip hops popularity it is important to note however, that pimp hip hop, although prevalent, does not represent all of hip hop to me. Hip Hop has birthed so many other subgenres, so I will say that I dont think it is just to paint the entirety of a brilliant genre of music as the chief symbol of pimp culture. In conclusion, I honestly dont think I will be able to completely eliminate problematic songs from my playlist, especially old ones I grew up listening to, however, I will truly try and make an effort to diminish listening to newer artists that continuously perpetuate the insolent behavior and mentality of the pimp.

Things Fall Apart Okonkwo Character Analysis Essay

In the novel Things Fall Apart, strength and pride are very important aspects of the main character, Okonkwo, however, these traits may sound like excellent traits to possess but because of the way he was raised, Okonkwo harbours many of his emotions under an outer shell of violence, strength and pride. His traits can be shown by looking at where he has come from in his life, for example, Okonkwo has acquired a large amount of wealth in his life because of his hard work and dedication which he also puts towards his family, unfortunately, his family also suffers greatly because of this due to Okonkwo’s high expectations of his children and his violent ways when they do not live up to them. Secondly, Okonkwo possesses hidden emotions that†¦show more content†¦Okonkwo’s harbouring of his sentimental emotions is a crucial part of his personality which makes him the way he is, for example, Okonkwo hates music because of the emotion that is required to create it, he rejects the idea of meaningful conversation because he considers it to be soft, and as he ages, he is rejecting the increasingly obvious fact that violence does not constitute inner strength. Firstly, it is revealed in the novel that Okonkwo does not like music and that he is bad at playing it which shows that he lacks the ability to express his emotions through listening to or creating music. Furthermore, Okonkwo’s ideals of not liking conversation and considering them weak goes against the mentality of his village which believes that â€Å"conversation is regarded very highly, and proverbs are the palm-oil with which words are eaten.† Lastly, as Okonkwo gets older, he is slowly realising that his violent ways are not truly making him a strong person but are in fact, slowly destroying him but Okonkwo refuses to accept this and continues with his violent attitude. Okonkwo has trouble revealing his true emotions ad even though they are present, he would never express th em to anyone. Okonkwo may try to act â€Å"manly† and strong when in the presence of others, but Okonkwo does possess sentimental emotions that he claims to view as weak which make up anShow MoreRelatedEssay Character Analysis of Okonkwo in Things Fall Apart541 Words   |  3 PagesIn the novel Things Fall Apart, Okonkwo is portrayed as a respected and determined individual whose fatal flaw eventually works against him. Throughout the novel the readers are shown that Okonkwo has many of these Characteristics because he is obsessed with the idea of becoming just like his father. This becomes his flaw in the novel that puts him into exile and makes it hard for him to adjust to the changes that were made with in his village. 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Achebe introduces us to this new world that wasRead MoreThings Fall Apart Essay2440 Words   |  10 PagesThings Fall Apart: A Critical Analysis Things Fall Apart (1958) is a fictional novel by Chinua Achebe that examines the life the Igbo tribe living in a rural village called Umuofia in Nigeria during the early 19th century. The central values of the novel revolve around status, virtues, power, and traditions that often determine the futures and present of the characters in the Achebe story. The novel shows the life of the protagonist Okonkwo and his family, village, and Igbo culture and the

Analysis Of The Book Invisible Man By Ralph Ellison

Sierra Freudenberg Mrs. Caluya-1 AP English Literature 14 September 2014 Nothing is Simply Black and White The novel Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison is the story of a black man s struggle to live in a society dominated by whites. The colors black and white are contrasted many times throughout the novel. There are three contrasts in particular that stand out to the reader as representative of the narrator s struggles. This repeated contrast serves to remind the reader of the novel s theme of the racial inequality faced by African-Americans, and it also allows the reader to better understand that through racism, one loses his or her individuality and thus becomes invisible. One of the earliest noticeable mentions of the colors black and white are in reference to Mr. Norton s shoes. Mr. Norton is a wealthy white man who helped fund the college for African-Americans that the narrator attends. The narrator spends one summer chauffeuring Mr. Norton around the campus, and, at Mr. Norton s insistence, he takes Mr. Norton to visit Jim Trueblood. Trueblood is a man who lives just off of the college campus and who is notorious for having a relationship with his own daughter. While at Trueblood s house, the narrator comments on the difference between Trueblood s shoes and Norton s; â€Å"I stared at the two pairs of shoes before me. Mr. Norton s were white, trimmed with black. They were custom made and there beside the cheap tan brogues of the farmer they had the elegantly slenderShow MoreRelatedComparative Analysis Of The School Days Of An Indian Girl1235 Words   |  5 PagesComparative Analysis When reading The School Days of an Indian Girl by Zitkala-sa, it shows us a view of ethnic identity. By telling us how a little girl is in a home, away from her mother, while learning how to adapt to the new culture she’s in. 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My Philosophy of Education Essay - 1215 Words

Philosophy of Education For many individuals, choosing a career is one of the hardest decisions to be faced with. The majority of students in college spend their first year stressing about what they are going to do with the rest of their life. I, fortunately, have known since I was in middle school that I wanted to be an elementary school teacher. As a future teacher I feel that essentialism and progressivism are going to be my unique philosophies of education. It is very important to know the nature of your students. I strongly believe that all children can be taught, but not all at the same level. All children have different levels of learning. Some students may be faster learners than others. It is very important, especially†¦show more content†¦It is important to love children when entering the education field. Teachers who do not love children are not only making themselves miserable but they are also depriving students of a good education and mentor. I want my students to respect me as I will respect them. I want to make learning fun for them. I also want them to leave my class with a positive attitude. Most of all I want my students to do their best. This leads into my behaviorist views of positive reinforcements. This will be a major role for me as the teacher to play. I plan to reward my students everyday. Whether it be for attendance or for turning their work in on time. I will use only positive words with my students in order to encourage them. Rewards, as positive reinforcement will motivate the students to keep trying their best at all times. Being a positive and enthusiastic teacher makes the classroom a very successful learning environment. There are many methods in teaching. I feel that direct teaching is a very effective method, and I am going to use this method. I think it is important to emphasize basic skills to students. Students must learn basic skills in order to master new material. In direct teaching, teachers maintain control of the classroom. I want to have complete control of my class at all times. I am planning to put my class in straight rows facing me. This will allow me to see everyone in class at all times. It also makes it easier to do things with theShow MoreRelatedMy Philosophy On The Philosophy Of Education844 Words   |  4 PagesIn mathematics, as in life, everything must be brought to the simplest of terms. I base my teaching philosophy on the foundation that every student is capable of learning mathematics. I will strive, as a teacher, to ensure that my students are able to have a strong foundation of mathematical skills when they leave my classroom. Some students believe that they are not mat hematically gifted; therefore, incapable of learning mathematics. I believe to the contrary, all students with motivation, sustainedRead MoreMy Philosophy On Philosophy Of Education852 Words   |  4 PagesMy Philosophy of Education My philosophy of education is founded on a belief that all students have a desire to learn and to feel accepted. Learning takes place when students are able to have their specific needs meet inside the classroom, to feel accepted in the environment, and find the learning to be meaningful. I believe that before learning can take place a proper educational environment must be present inside the classroom. In order to make any classroom work I believe you need meet three criteriaRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education As A Education864 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent philosophy of education, and what purpose education serves in a child’s life. The five philosophies of education that we recognize are: Essentialism, Perennialism, Progressivism, Social Reconstructionism, and Existentialism. 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In addition to this, I will present various traits I believe are essential and critical for teachers to successfully fulfill their role as an educator. During my elementary years, I developed an urge to frequently ask many questions during the school day. Being able to question anything was astonishing to me. This was because my parents were unable to answer my questions and help

African American Women Have Suffered From Psychological...

For years, African American Women have suffered from psychological and physical oppression. During Enslavement, Black women were treated worse than men. They had no control over their bodies and were used as tools for the white slave owners’ enjoyment. Submission was expected, and therefore any form of resistance would have led to a series of whippings. Unfortunately, the abuse was not only received from the slave masters, but from the mistresses as well. Filled with envy, they would verbally and physically attack the female slaves and made it their goal to break them down mentally. Even after the abolition of slavery, black women still struggled to maintain their well-being. Jim Crow Laws prevented them from gaining any form of†¦show more content†¦Female slaves were subjected to cruel punishments, and rape. They were forced to remain intellectually inferior and bear their master’s children to increase the labor for the plantation. While enslaved, Jacobs endur ed many cruelties. She had to protect herself from her master s sexual advances and her mistress’s abuse. (Jacobs 30). Having faith as well as the values she received from her grandmother was indeed helpful in keeping her sane. However, that is sometimes not enough when your well-being is constantly threatened. The slave owners demoralized the female slaves and essentially turned them into tools. This as a result torn these women both physically and mentally. Not being able to control their bodies was devastating, but the fact that these enslaved women had no say over their own creation made things even worse. This is exemplified in Harriot Jacobs’s Narrative and Frances E.W Harper’s poem the â€Å"The Slave Mother†, for both reveal the pain of either having your child taken away from you and sold to another plantation far away; or in Jacobs case, not being able to touch your children despite them being so close. In the poem, Harper states â€Å"He is not hers, although she bore/for him a mother’s pains; /He is not hers, although her blood? /is coursing through his veins!† (17-20). Enslaved women were deprived of the ability to raise their own

Cyberstalking Essay Example For Students

Cyberstalking Essay CYBERSTALKINGThe World Wide Web and Internet are great places to study, work, or even play. But there is an ugly side of cyberspace. Cyberspace reflects the real world and some people tend to forget that. Cyberstalking and harassment are problems that a large number of people (especially women) are realizing. (Jenson, 1996, p.1)Just because an individual owns a computer and has an Internet account do not assume that person is considerate or respectful. There are just as many stalkers in cyberspace as anywhere else. It’s just that their methods have changed. Some stalkers might harass you by following you through live channels not being able to take no for an answer and bothering you with email messages. In some cases this harassment may become a systematic campaign against you; where your harasser bombards you with threatening messages of hate and obscenities. (1996, p.3) The stalker may even trace your home address and telephone number, causing not only emotional distress but possibly physical danger. It should come as no surprise to you that the stalkers are making use of this technology to harass people and prey on the innocent. There have been many examples of cyberstalking crossing over in to real life stalking. And those users who have been victims of cyberstalking, tell a similar story, that no one took the harassment serious until it became real life stalking. Cyberstalking can be a devastating experience for a person online. But in cyberspace people say things like â€Å"well just turn off your computer† and â€Å" you can’t be hurt on the Internet, it’s just words†. (Laughren, 1998, p.1) The online stalking is just as frightening and distressing as off-line stalking, and just as illegal. Anyone can be stalked online, but statistics show that the majority of victims are women. Women are the minority of the internet population, which means their attention is generally fierce competition between male users. (Jenson, 1996, p.3) Cyberstalking and online harassment are easy to practice than real life stalking. In cyberspace, a stalker can harass their victim without ever having to leave the comfort of their own home, or have any witnesses to the crime. Online users are vulnerable to stalking in the following three areas. Live chat rooms or IRC, this is the most common place for cyberstaking. Message boards and Newsgroups, and Email box; a user has the ability to write anything and even attach files to the email. Another common area regarding cyberstalking is at the â€Å"edu† sites, which are educational institutes, such as colleges and universities. One user might know another user personally and interacts on the internet anonymously starting the cybertalk. One student can enter the internet as easily as another student, therefor not letting his or her true identity be known. If you are being harassed online by a cyberstalker, the chances are you are not the first person they have stalked. Cyberstakers, like other predators, are opportunists. They know what they are looking for and know how to get it. Stalking is a power crime, the stalker has the power to make you suffer and enjoys that power. (Laughren, 1998, p.4) A stalk er’s self-esteem rises when they attack your self-esteem. The more pain and suffering they can cause, the better they feel about themselves. The best protection against becoming a target of stalking is not to reveal anything personal that you might have in common. Often, stalkers are mentally unstable, paranoid, delusional, and extremely jealous, and have extremely low self-esteem. Stalking is a form of obsession. The difference between a normal cyber harasser and a cyberstalker, is the harasser moves on to others and forgets you and a stalker will come back to stalk you another day. (Jenson, 1996, p.5) The Internet enables the stalker, his powers, in most cases, merely knowledge of the technology is all that’s required to stalk another person online. Note that educated, smooth talking, responsible people can also be stalkers, appearing to be a perfect gentlemen or lady with perfect manners. A major clue to cyberstalking is when the stalker pushes for information regar ding your personal life, private life, or life away from the net. A simple rule of thumb is to never give any personal information over the Internet. .u789db4a5a546b168181c691749c5981a , .u789db4a5a546b168181c691749c5981a .postImageUrl , .u789db4a5a546b168181c691749c5981a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u789db4a5a546b168181c691749c5981a , .u789db4a5a546b168181c691749c5981a:hover , .u789db4a5a546b168181c691749c5981a:visited , .u789db4a5a546b168181c691749c5981a:active { border:0!important; } .u789db4a5a546b168181c691749c5981a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u789db4a5a546b168181c691749c5981a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u789db4a5a546b168181c691749c5981a:active , .u789db4a5a546b168181c691749c5981a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u789db4a5a546b168181c691749c5981a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u789db4a5a546b168181c691749c5981a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u789db4a5a546b168181c691749c5981a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u789db4a5a546b168181c691749c5981a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u789db4a5a546b168181c691749c5981a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u789db4a5a546b168181c691749c5981a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u789db4a5a546b168181c691749c5981a .u789db4a5a546b168181c691749c5981a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u789db4a5a546b168181c691749c5981a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Technology affects educations EssayTechnology Essays

The Ancient Ruler Himiko Essay Example For Students

The Ancient Ruler Himiko Essay Pimiku or Himiko( ) in Japanese Historical references The shaman Queen Himiko is recorded in various ancient histories, dating back to 3rd century in China, 8th century in Japan, and 12th century in Korea. Chinese resources The country formerly had a man as a ruler, for some seventy or eighty years after that there were some disturbances and warfare. Thereupon the people agreed upon a woman for their ruler, her name was Himiko, She occupied herself with magic and sorcery, bewitching the people. Though mature in age, she remained unmarried; she had a younger brother who assisted her in ruling the country. She had one thousand women as attendants, but only one man. She resided in a palace surrounded by towers and stockades with armed guards in a state of constant vigilance. Japanese resources Both of the two oldest Japanese histories Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) nor Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan) mentions queen Himiko, and even if Himiko were known to the authors, they may have purposefully not to include her. However, according to Japanese legend, Himiko was the daughter of the emperor Suinin, who gave her custody of the sacred mirror, symbol of the Sun Goddess. Korean resources The oldest Korean history book Samguk Sagi (Chronicles of the three kingdoms) records that queen Himiko sent an emissary to King Adalla of Silla. Historians disagree about the location of the land ruled by Pimiku (Himiko). The History of Wei states that Pimiku resided in Yamatai which means gateway to the mountains, located on an island southeast of Korea. This might indicate that Yamatai was in Northern Kyushu. The similarity of the names might signify that Yamatai was actually Yamato in central Honshu. The History of Wei states Pimiku died in the middle of the third century.

Personal Values for the Bsn Student free essay sample

Discuss how you demonstrate this value. Altruism: â€Å"Devotion to the welfare of others, regard for others, as a principle of action; opposed to egoism or selfishness† (Britannica Online, 2008). Altruism is taking care of others regardless of your personal feelings. Nurses demonstrate altruism in many ways. They are devoted to their patients while working in any healthcare setting, they take action when a patient needs them to, they work with patients regardless of personal feelings in situations of race, culture, or ethnicity. Personally, I demonstrate the value of altruism in many ways. Currently I work in education and not on the floor. I believe that in my position I am providing hospital staff very important information so that they are able to give the best possible care to patients on the floor. Autonomy: Autonomy is a person’s ability to decide to act on or control their own actions when faced with different situations. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Values for the Bsn Student or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Oxford dictionary defines it as: â€Å"Liberty to follow ones will, personal freedom† (Oxford English Dictionary Online, 2008). Nurses demonstrate autonomy by making sure that their actions are appropriate to their ability. Effective nurses recognize their personal limits and strengths. The nursing process is an important aspect of this recognition. Autonomy is demonstrated in the ability I have to control my actions. Situations have arisen where I do not agree with a choice my patient has made. My first instinct would be to react one way but I have been able to realize that this is not the best way to handle the situation. Human Dignity: The term dignity is defined as the state of being worthy of honor or respect (The Oxford English Dictionary Online, 2008). Human dignity is a concept that â€Å"all human being possess inherent worth and deserve unconditional respect, regardless of age, sex, health status, social or political ideas, religion, or criminal history. † (Wikipedia, 2008). Nurses demonstrate human dignity in many ways. On a daily basis, nurses are caring for patients who have health problems requiring care that may intrude on their personal space and comfort levels. A nurse will respect a patient’s dignity by trying to cover or drape the patient during invasive procedures, they realize that certain things happen with age, and nurses respect a patient’s religious or political ideas. Human dignity is something that I believe I achieve as a nurse. Because I do not work on the floor I achieve this in different ways. I try to educate the nurses in my classes about the different tools available in the software program and how this can help to improve patient safety. I show them the tools they can use to document religious preferences so that other staff members are able to respect the patient. I try to understand â€Å"how they practice with respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of all individuals† (Kalb O’Connor-Von, 2007 p. 196), and how this correlates with an EMR. Integrity: â€Å"Soundness of moral principle; the character of uncorrupted virtue, esp. in relation to truth and fair dealing; uprightness, honesty, sincerity† (Wikipedia, 2008). Integrity is a principle that drives a person to do what they feel to be â€Å"right†. Nurses are able to work with a high level of integrity. As nurses, exposure to medical records happens on a daily basis. Nurses show their morals by only using these records to perform their job effectively. Laws like HIPPA exist to help prevent behavior like this from happening. My belief is the vast majority of nurse’s would not â€Å"snoop† without HIPPA. Integrity is something that I take very seriously. In my position I have access to medical records all across a hospital facility. I could very easily access someone’s chart just to see what is happening, or I could look something up with a malicious intent. I believe that my integrity stops me from doing any of these inappropriate behaviors. Social Justice: Social Justice is generally thought of as a world which affords individuals and groups fair treatment and an impartial share of the benefits of society† (Wikipedia, 2008). Social justice is a principal that people govern themselves by both politically and personally. Social justice is very similar to many of the other values that have been discussed. Nurses are socially just in their ability to provide the same level of care to patient’s regardless of personal beliefs. Nurses also are socially just with co-workers everyday in the ability to work as a collaborative team. Social justice is a very easy value to live by. I believe that I train my classes fairly every day. I am training all staff at the hospital and I understand that not everyone has the same knowledge that another person has. Being mindful of these differences allows me to teach the appropriate topics to the appropriate people. I would not teach a CNA how to document on a MAR since this is a duty that is not in their scope of practice.

What Makes a Sample of Essay History Paper a Mirror?

What Makes a Sample of Essay History Paper a Mirror?If you're looking for a sample of essay history paper, then I've got a question for you. What sort of student am I? What sort of ideas do I possess?These are questions that have been bothering me for some time now. I'm always left asking: Am I an essay writer or an essay historian? And sometimes the answer comes as a surprise to me - sometimes.Essays are not exercises at all. They are written not only for the purpose of passing it, but also for the purpose of taking history. In other words, the essay writer has to pass on a history of the world which his reader can connect with. History is something that we all need to remember, something that we all need to feel.A sample of essay history paper should not be a blueprint of our history. It should be a mirror of our past. Some writers prefer to focus on an individual or a particular event, and others like to focus on the general aspects of the course. This is why this essay history pa per can differ a lot from one author to another.Every historical events is interesting in its own way, and that is what makes history so fascinating. You can read about a king who reigned in Rome, or the revolution that brought the French to power. When you read about this, you would enjoy more if it was a story that you could relate to - because it would be something that you can connect with, whether it's a way of life that came about because of historical events.Therefore, it is important to think of the essay history paper as a mirror. It will reflect the way you are, and the way you see the world. So you can't write a history essay paper if you don't have a mirror.It's your duty to pass on a history of the world - and it is up to you to connect with this in the best way possible. It is your duty to think of what kind of person you are, and what kind of history you want to write. Once you get the idea, you can go ahead and write a historical essay in a way that reflects the valu es of the person you are.So go ahead and prepare a history of the world by thinking of the importance of events and people, and how you can bring it out in your essay. Once you start thinking about these things, you'll see the mirror you need to write with in your history of the world.

Alcohol Abuse by Quentin McCarthy

Alcohol Abuse by Quentin McCarthy Introduction This article focuses on alcohol abuse by Quentin McCarthy. It uses the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) to evaluate McCarthy’s stage of dependency and provides possible interventions for recovery. Overall, the article shows that McCarthy must receive an appropriate diagnosis, placement options, and treatment modalities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Alcohol Abuse by Quentin McCarthy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to McCarthy’s wife, McCarthy used to drink to have good time, but today, he drinks because he needs alcohol. This makes McCarthy a good candidate for health care professional evaluation and intervention because his condition shows hazardous drinking and alcohol dependence. Screening instrument: the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) MAST developed in 1971 by Selzer is the most commonly used yes or no questionnaire that has 25 questions, which consist o f true or false options (Zung, 1982). These choices are of significant concerns on â€Å"legal, medical, and psychosocial problems, control of alcohol intake among people with alcohol problems† (Zung, 1982). The aim of MAST is to determine the extent of alcohol consumption based on responses provided and formulate strategies of helping the agent with regard to excess consumption of alcohol. One can easily administer the MAST as a form of semi-structured interview or survey questionnaire. The process is simple once the agent has taken the survey. It involves summation of all the scores of the items in the survey. Items may have unique weight assigned in order to rate the extent of the problem. The evaluator can obtain the aggregate score and decide on the suitable recommendation for the patient or he can be the scores on a given cut-off points when screening alcoholism. Previous studies have indicated the need to improve the MAST based on the length of the questionnaire and di fferent conditions that may influence the respondent (Zung, 1982; Shields, Howell, Potter and Weiss, 2007). All the items in MAST focus on â€Å"symptoms of problematic drinking and negative consequences associated with the use of alcohol† (Shields et al.,2007). Respondents who get high scores indicate high rates of alcohol problem, which requires intervention.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The MAST provides advantages to users because it offers multidimensional approaches to the evaluation of alcohol problem. However, scholars do not agree on the exact number of such factors (Shields et al.,2007). Evaluators who use the MAST believe that it relies on a single aggregate score, but there are some minor changes to questions. This makes the approach to provide uniform results of respondents. The MAST solves the challenge of defining alcoholism conditions in different stages, which has been a major source of concern to evaluators. Hence, evaluators have relied on the MAST and other test scores to gauge alcohol problem and provide their professional opinions after diagnoses. The MAST is a simple tool that overcomes challenges of rating alcohol problem. Diagnosis (a complete 5-axis diagnosis).  McCarthy’s alcoholism diagnosis using axes McCarthy displays alcohol–related psychiatric conditions. Clearly, heavy use of alcohol has affected and altered brain chemical and hormonal systems, which affect the development of many mental disorders related to mood and anxiety. One can observe these symptoms and sings. The client also has alcohol–induced psychiatric syndromes. These conditions (mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders among others) have resulted from the broad range of alcohol psychological effects associated with heavy drinking. Axis I: Clinical Disorders Anxiety disorders Although anxiety disorder may be present in the ge neral population, McCarthy has developed anxiety disorder due to dependence on alcohol. This is an alcohol-induced depression. The onset and the course of McCarthy’s anxiety disorder follow patterns associated with the temporary alcohol withdrawal. Bipolar Disorder Studies have shown that bipolar disorder, which is mainly mania or manic–depressive illness is the second disorder after anxiety disorder in axis I disorder. Bipolar disorder results from heavy drinking and alcohol dependence. McCarthy is a maniac patient who has become a heavy consumer and dependent on alcohol.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Alcohol Abuse by Quentin McCarthy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Diagnosing this condition can present considerable challenges. This may occur due to underreporting of symptoms or incorrect answers in the survey, complex mood changes from alcoholism, limited diagnostic accuracy, related conditions wi th similar symptoms, and involvement in pleasurable activities with friends to get business in return (common among manias). McCarthy did not depend on other drugs other than alcohol. This has not complicated his condition and the diagnosis process. In other cases, accurate diagnosis is necessary through a careful analysis of the patient history in order to discover past tendencies and chronological order of alcoholism because several patients with bipolar disorder also abuse other drugs other than alcohol. Independent Major Depression Past studies have shown that many treatment-seeking alcoholic patients experience mood disturbances. Although mood disturbances may not be severe disorder, it is common among people with alcohol problem because mood disorder affects most alcoholics at some points during their drinking period. McCarthy’s mood disorder falls in the following three categories. Abrupt and short effects of alcohol depressant on his cognitive functions An organized series of symptoms and signs that indicate alcohol-induced disorder with depressive signs A major disorder that exists alongside other mental problems prior to drinking periods A careful analysis and classification of depressive conditions in McCarthy reveals that he suffers from a comorbid depressive conditions. Although there are contentious issues about the exact cause- and-effect association between alcoholism and depression, depressive cases may predate early before patients start alcohol consumption. Alcohol causes alcohol-induced mood disorder among people with alcohol problems. It is possible that McCarthy also experiences depressive cases of a major depressive disorder. In other words, he used to suffer depressive order before starting to consume alcohol, and then later fueled the depressive disorder with alcohol. This condition may persist even for a long period after abstinence. Some studies have established that forms of depressive disorders differ among patients. There were cases of alcohol-induced depression and independent depressive disorder having diverse characteristics. A further analysis of the patient history, social relations, drug use, alcoholism treatment, and suicide attempts could show variations in disorders.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Axis II: Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation McCarthy shows several signs of alcohol dependence and psychiatric disorders. Alcoholism dependence relates with many forms of psychiatric disorder, which may develop irrespective of alcohol consumption and abuse. These independent disorders made McCarthy to be prone to alcohol abuse and other related problems. McCarthy displays one of the most common disorders among people with alcohol problem. He has antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), which is within the second axis. Although McCarthy kept his fights to a moderate level, he was still anti-social. Moreover, he only drank with people in order to sell them insurance policies. McCarthy also shows signs of obsessive or compulsive disorder in the manner he consumes alcohol. As a result, McCarty has developed a long and consistent pattern of irresponsibility and abuse of his business associates’ rights. McCarthy can no longer sell insurance to his clients because of the co mpulsive disorder to consume alcohol consistently. In short, McCarthy’s business associate was not comfortable because her husband was â€Å"doing business with a lush†. Axis III: General Medical Condition These are mainly physical medical problems, which people with alcohol problems exhibit. They are critical for understanding the mental conditions of a client or in controlling the client’s mental disorders. For instance, McCarthy’s doctor informed him that the constant pain above his navel was an ulcer. Hence, McCarthy had to stop drinking for the sake of his health. Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems McCarthy has experienced several challenges related to his job. Many customers have deserted his insurance business blatantly. However, one long-time client of the agency left the business after his wife commented that she was not comfortable that he was â€Å"doing business with a lush†. This departure injured McCarthy’s pride and his business. Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning McCarthy already faces problems related to economic or loss of customers, occupation, and social issues due to alcohol dependency. Forty: McCarthy shows severe impairment in areas related to work, job, and social relations, judgment, mood, and anxiety. Treatment placement options McCarthy has been postponing his decision to get help from professional because of alcohol problem. Interventions from the family and social networks of people with alcohol problem may help them to recognize that they have alcohol problem. However, professional advice is the best advice for people with alcohol problems. Hence, McCarthy will require such help. Given the severe impairment that McCarthy experiences in various areas, such social, economic, psychological, and occupational, multi-treatment strategy is the best approach in his case. These may include brief intervention, counseling, and residential programs among others. Obviously, McCarthy has a serious alcohol problem. He has already lost control on alcohol consumption. The aim of the intervention is to stop his drinking habit and enhance quality of life. McCarthy requires a multidisciplinary approach in order to tackle his alcohol dependency. Detoxification and withdrawal The initial treatment for McCarthy would be detoxification. This process may not exceed seven days. The client may need to get sedating drugs in order to eliminate chances of uncontrollable shaking delirium, confusion, and other symptoms associated with alcohol withdrawal. Detoxification procedures require McCarthy to be in the inpatient department for effective treatment. The alcohol treatment specialist must establish skills and learning plan for McCarthy. McCarthy and the specialist must set goals, identify behavior change methods, effective self-help manuals, counseling seasons, and follow-up treatment strategies. Psychological counseling McCarthy has severe psychosocial problems due to alcoho lism. Counseling for McCarthy would be an effective approach. This would allow the client to comprehend his alcohol challenges and acknowledge recovery programs from psychological perspectives. He may also attend group counseling. McCarthy can also attend couple therapy and counseling because he has a wife. The wife must recognize that her role is critical in helping McCarthy to stop drinking. Oral medications Alcoholism treatment also involves oral medications. Certain drugs (disulfiram) normally stop people from alcohol consumption. However, they are not instant solutions to alcoholism because of compulsive or obsessive disorder among alcohol addicts. This drug works by inducing unpleasant feeling whenever one takes alcohol. These may include nausea, flushing, severe headache, and even vomiting. Another oral drug is Revia or Naltrexone. This works by inhibiting good feelings and ideas associated with drinking alcohol. It lessens the urge to drink and prevent addicts from alcohol c onsumption. In addition, Campral lessens craving for alcohol. This drug does not induce nasty feelings and sickness after administration. Oral treatment may be effective for McCarthy. Injected medication McCarthy may also consider injected medication for his alcohol problems. There are many injected drugs for people with alcohol dependency problems. Injection may be once in a month by alcohol recovery specialists. There are oral versions of these drugs, but injection may be effective for McCarthy because of consistency that the recovery process requires. Continuing Support McCarthy also requires continuing supports during and after the program. The major roles of support programs are to help rehabilitated alcohol addicts to improve, recover, stop alcohol consumption, control cases of relapse, and adjust to normal lifestyles and diets. McCarthy will require psychological support groups, medical care, or get help from Alcoholics Anonymous. Intervention for psychological challenges McC arthy has several and severe mental health disorders because of alcoholism. These also require effective therapies, which may include counseling, psychotherapy and psychological interventions, and antidepressants. Behavioral therapy and anti-depressants may help McCarthy to alleviate depression, anxiety, and other challenges associated with mental conditions due to alcohol dependency. Treatment for other conditions McCarthy has already developed ulcer and constant pain in his abdomen. These are serious conditions, which require immediate medical attention. In addition, excessive consumption of alcohol may also cause liver problems, high blood pressure, heart problems, and high glucose levels. In addition, McCarthy must note that he will experience several health problems related to withdrawal from alcohol consumption. Hence, aftercare must account for these conditions and treatment. Treatment modalities McCarthy would require different treatment modalities in order to cope with with drawal challenges. Brief Interventions This has been the most popular form of alcoholism treatment modalities. Besides, the modality is popular among scientists and researchers. Professionals that tackle alcoholism provide brief interventions to their clients. A brief intervention is a process that involves evaluation of a client’s alcohol consumption tendencies in order to ascertain whether such habits are harmful to his or her health and lifestyle. A brief intervention for McCarthy would show that alcohol dependency has negatively affected his life. McCarthy would require a referral to a thorough treatment. This modality may be appropriate for people who have alcoholism challenges because of several repeated interventions. Hence, it may be effective than other modalities. Several and fast evaluations by a professional would reveal whether McCarthy has the ability and readiness required to change his drinking habits. Brief Motivational Enhancement Professional therapists and psychologists conduct this modality for people with alcohol problem. This modality aims to improve a client’s motivation in order to alter his or her drinking habits. In the case of McCarthy, the therapist would focus on his inner abilities to change. The approach does not depend on pressure from external factors. The evaluator must discover the underlying factors that influence McCarthy to continue drinking alcohol. The aim is to solve the indecision, but McCarthy must make the decision as an individual. This modality does not rely on direct persuasion because direct persuasion does not work for people with alcohol consumption. Instead, the evaluator must create a condition in which the client may feel comfortable. In addition, the evaluator must not be judgmental. The aim is to get the client to make the necessary changes. One must note that the desire to change one’s drinking habits requires personal commitment. Overall, it requires effective interaction, communica tion, empathy, and evaluation of the problem by the interviewer. Acamprosate: a GABA Agonist This is a relatively new modality for alcohol problem intervention. The modality has been in use since 2004 when the US authorized it. A GABA Agonist causes alteration in chemicals within the clients’ brain in order to reduce alcohol consumption. However, this modality has side effects. The modality causes allergic reaction in some people, changes in blood pressure, heartbeats, impotence, or possibly insomnia. Naltrexone works by inhibiting opiate receptors in the brain. This process results in impairing the desire to drink alcohol. Such modalities may work best alongside other interventions, such as behavioral therapy. Community Reinforcement Approach Therapists and psychologists believe that their clients can recover quickly with the help of families, friends, and the community. Therapists want patients to stop drinking by ensuring that they acquire the right motivational level, ach ieve sobriety, understand their own drinking tendencies, seek for positive support, and acquire new skills in order to adjust to new lifestyles. This modality goes beyond the professional’s office, and it requires effort and coordination of all friends, families, and the community. Self-Help Manuals Although self-help manuals do not seem like the best approaches for people with alcohol problems, they are also effective modalities alcoholism. Clients must make effort and attend the recovery intervention modalities like Alcoholics Anonymous sessions. These are sources of interactive sessions for such people. A Smorgasbord of Modalities Researchers believe that evaluators should use any modalities based on their effectiveness on specific clients. Hence, the approach to modality selection should be eclectic. In this respect, evaluators should base their decisions on informed choices, and they must understand how different clients react to various modalities. Moreover, it is imper ative to inform people with alcohol problem and their families about possible prolonged struggle with alcoholism in order to avert the possibility of destroying social, economic, and personal health. Conceptualization of the etiology of the client’s addiction One must understand etiology of McCarthy’s drinking problem by focusing its root and origins. For instance, McCarthy was hyperactive and the class clown in early days, poor performance at school, and a sense of guilt. Several factors shaped the development of McCarthy’s drinking problems. While in the army, McCarthy started to drink moderately, he fought, and avoided troubles. McCarthy claims that he started during in order to sale his policies for people. Finally, McCarthy’s drinking problem got severe after he became the sole owner of the business. McCarthy drank with his customers, made a lot of money, and had ready access to alcohol, failed attempts to stop, including failure of the Alcoholics An onymous. Initially, McCarthy drank to have a good time, but he later became an addict who needed alcohol to keep going. Summary McCarthy’s alcohol problem evaluation using the MAST shows severe symptoms of anxiety, depression, antisocial and business behaviors, psychosis, and physical pain. Hence, McCarthy needs multidisciplinary approaches in order to manage his alcohol problem. Such strategies would help McCarthy to struggle and stop drinking. References Shields, A., Howell, R., Potter, J., and Weiss, R. (2007). The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test and Its Shortened Form: A Meta-Analytic Inquiry Into Score Reliability. Substance Use Misuse, 42, 1783–1800. Zung, B. J. (1982). Evaluation of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) in Assessing Lifetime and Recent Problems. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38(2), 425-439.